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<\/a><\/h2>Practice Spring MVC Interview Questions and Answers<\/h2>
Below are the top 50 Spring MVC interview questions for freshers with answers:<\/p>
1. What is Spring MVC?<\/h3>
Answer:<\/strong><\/p> Spring MVC is a web framework based on the Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern. It simplifies the development of web applications by separating the application logic (controller), user interface (view), and data handling (model). This modular structure enhances testability and maintainability.<\/p> Answer:<\/strong><\/p> The main components are:<\/p> Answer:<\/strong><\/p> The DispatcherServlet<\/strong> acts as the front controller in Spring MVC. It receives all incoming requests, delegates them to the appropriate controllers, and processes their responses before sending them back to the client. It also works closely with view resolvers to handle view rendering. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> @RequestMapping<\/strong> is used to map web requests to specific handler methods in Spring MVC. It can map a request path to a method or controller, allowing flexibility in handling various HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> A ViewResolver<\/strong> resolves logical view names returned by controllers into actual views. It maps a view name to a specific view implementation, such as JSP or Thymeleaf, allowing Spring MVC to separate view rendering from business logic. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> Spring MVC uses @ModelAttribute<\/strong> and @RequestParam<\/strong> annotations to bind form data to model objects. The framework automatically binds the submitted form fields to the corresponding object attributes, handling both primitive and complex data types. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> @ModelAttribute<\/strong> is used to bind form data to a model object or to make pre-populated objects available to the view. It can be used at the method or parameter level and allows Spring to automatically bind request parameters to object properties. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> Answer:<\/strong><\/p> Spring MVC can be configured using Java-based configuration by extending WebMvcConfigurer<\/strong> and overriding necessary methods like addViewControllers<\/strong>, addResourceHandlers<\/strong>, etc. This eliminates the need for XML configuration. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> ModelAndView<\/strong> is used to return both the model (data) and the view (UI) from a Spring MVC controller. It holds the view name and the data that the view will display. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> Spring MVC provides several ways to handle exceptions, such as using @ExceptionHandler<\/strong> at the controller level or @ControllerAdvice<\/strong> to handle exceptions globally across controllers. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> @RequestParam<\/strong> is used to extract query parameters, form data, or path variables from an HTTP request and map them to controller method parameters. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> Spring MVC uses annotations like @Valid<\/strong> and @NotNull<\/strong> to validate model attributes. Validation errors can be captured using the BindingResult<\/strong> interface, allowing the developer to handle and display validation messages. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> Spring MVC provides support for file uploads through the MultipartFile<\/strong> interface. To handle file uploads, you must configure multipart support in the Spring configuration and handle the file in the controller. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> Interceptors in Spring MVC are used to intercept HTTP requests before or after they reach the controller. They allow pre-processing and post-processing of the request, such as logging, authentication, or modifying the request\/response. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> Spring MVC supports internationalization through the LocaleResolver<\/strong> and ResourceBundleMessageSource<\/strong>. By defining different message bundles for each language, Spring can dynamically change content based on the user’s locale. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> Pagination in Spring MVC can be implemented using query parameters like page<\/strong> and size<\/strong> in a controller. You can fetch data in chunks based on these parameters from a database or service layer. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> @PathVariable<\/strong> is used to extract values from the URI path. It allows mapping dynamic values from the URL to controller method parameters. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> ContentNegotiation allows Spring MVC to determine the response format (JSON, XML, HTML) based on the Accept<\/strong> header in the HTTP request. This ensures that the same URL can serve different response formats based on client preferences.<\/p> Answer:<\/strong><\/p> You can configure Spring MVC to serve static resources (CSS, JS, images) by overriding the addResourceHandlers<\/strong> method in the WebMvcConfigurer<\/strong> interface. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> You can configure CORS in Spring MVC using the @CrossOrigin<\/strong> annotation at the controller or method level. Alternatively, you can configure CORS globally using the addCorsMappings<\/strong> method in WebMvcConfigurer<\/strong>. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> @SessionAttributes<\/strong> is used to store model attributes in the HTTP session between multiple requests. This can be useful for maintaining user-specific data, like a shopping cart, across different controller methods. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> You can bind a list of values from a form to a model object using @ModelAttribute<\/strong>. The list can be directly populated using a form element like a checkbox or select, with Spring automatically mapping it to the model object. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> You can configure custom error pages by defining error codes in your web.xml or using the ErrorController<\/strong> interface for programmatic handling in Spring Boot applications. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> Flash Attributes in Spring MVC are used to pass temporary data (e.g., success or error messages) across redirects. They are typically used when a POST-Redirect-GET pattern is implemented to avoid form resubmission issues. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> @ResponseBody<\/strong> indicates that the return value of a method should be bound to the web response body rather than being interpreted as a view name. It is used when sending raw data (like JSON or XML) in a RESTful service. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> @RequestBody<\/strong> is used to bind the HTTP request body to a method parameter in Spring MVC. It is commonly used in REST APIs to map incoming JSON or XML payloads to Java objects. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> Spring MVC uses HttpMessageConverter<\/strong> to convert HTTP request and response bodies into Java objects and vice versa. You can configure custom message converters in configureMessageConverters<\/strong> method of WebMvcConfigurer<\/strong>. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> Spring MVC integrates with Spring<\/strong> Security to provide method-level security. You can secure methods using annotations like @PreAuthorize<\/strong>, @Secured<\/strong>, and @RolesAllowed<\/strong>. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> @ControllerAdvice<\/strong> is a global annotation for handling exceptions, binding data, or adding common model attributes across multiple controllers. It helps in centralizing error handling or logic that is common across controllers. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> @PathVariable<\/strong> extracts values from the URI path, while @RequestParam<\/strong> extracts query parameters or form data from the request. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> You can customize error handling in Spring MVC by implementing HandlerExceptionResolver<\/strong> or using the @ExceptionHandler<\/strong> annotation in a controller or globally using @ControllerAdvice<\/strong>.<\/p> Answer:<\/strong><\/p> @RequestPart<\/strong> is used to bind a specific part of a multipart request (file, form field) to a method parameter. It’s typically used in file uploads. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> @RequestHeader<\/strong> is used to extract a header value from the HTTP request and bind it to a method parameter in the controller. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> Spring MVC controllers can be tested using MockMvc<\/strong> provided by the Spring Test framework. It simulates HTTP requests and tests the controller logic without deploying the application to a web server. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> Spring MVC supports asynchronous request handling using DeferredResult<\/strong> or Callable<\/strong>. This allows you to free up the request thread and return a result later. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> @ResponseStatus<\/strong> is used to specify the HTTP status code for a method’s response. It can be applied to methods or exceptions, making it easier to return specific status codes in error scenarios. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> @CookieValue<\/strong> is used to bind the value of an HTTP cookie to a method parameter in a controller. It allows easy access to cookie values. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> When applied at the method level, @ModelAttribute<\/strong> adds an object to the model that will be accessible to the view. It can be used for pre-populating forms or sharing common objects across multiple views. Answer:<\/strong><\/p> Spring MVC handles multipart file uploads by using the 2. What are the main components of the Spring MVC framework?<\/h3>
\n
3. Explain the DispatcherServlet in Spring MVC.<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\n<servlet-name>dispatcher<\/servlet-name>
\n<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet<\/servlet-class>
\n<\/servlet>
\n<\/div><\/div>4. How does the @RequestMapping annotation work?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\npublic String hello() {
\nreturn “hello”;
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>5. What is the role of a ViewResolver in Spring MVC?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\npublic InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver() {
\nInternalResourceViewResolver resolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
\nresolver.setPrefix(“\/WEB-INF\/views\/”);
\nresolver.setSuffix(“.jsp”);
\nreturn resolver;
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>6. How does Spring MVC handle form data?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\npublic String handleForm(@ModelAttribute(“user”) User user) {
\n\/\/ Handle form data
\nreturn “result”;
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>7. Explain @ModelAttribute in Spring MVC.<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\npublic User populateUser() {
\nreturn new User();
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>8. What is the difference between @Controller and @RestController?<\/h3>
\n
9. How do you configure Spring MVC using Java-based configuration?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\n@EnableWebMvc
\npublic class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
\n@Override
\npublic void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
\nregistry.addViewController(“\/home”).setViewName(“home”);
\n}
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>10. What is the role of the ModelAndView class in Spring MVC?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\npublic ModelAndView welcome() {
\nModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView(“welcome”);
\nmav.addObject(“message”, “Welcome to Spring MVC!”);
\nreturn mav;
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>11. How do you handle exceptions in Spring MVC?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\npublic String handleException() {
\nreturn “error”;
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>12. What is the role of @RequestParam in Spring MVC?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\npublic String greet(@RequestParam(“name”) String name) {
\nreturn “Hello, ” + name;
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>13. Explain the concept of validation in Spring MVC.<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\npublic String save(@Valid @ModelAttribute(“user”) User user, BindingResult result) {
\nif (result.hasErrors()) {
\nreturn “form”;
\n}
\nreturn “success”;
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>14. How can you upload a file using Spring MVC?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\npublic String handleFileUpload(@RequestParam(“file”) MultipartFile file) {
\n\/\/ Handle the file
\nreturn “uploadSuccess”;
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>15. What are Interceptors in Spring MVC?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\n@Override
\npublic boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) {
\n\/\/ Pre-process the request
\nreturn true;
\n}
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>16. How does Spring MVC support internationalization (i18n)?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\npublic LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
\nSessionLocaleResolver resolver = new SessionLocaleResolver();
\nresolver.setDefaultLocale(Locale.US);
\nreturn resolver;
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>17. How do you implement pagination in Spring MVC?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\npublic String list(@RequestParam(“page”) int page, @RequestParam(“size”) int size) {
\n\/\/ Fetch data with pagination
\nreturn “listView”;
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>18. What is the role of @PathVariable in Spring MVC?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\npublic String getUser(@PathVariable(“id”) int id) {
\n\/\/ Fetch user by id
\nreturn “userView”;
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>19. What is ContentNegotiation in Spring MVC?<\/h3>
20. How can you configure static resource handling in Spring MVC?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\npublic void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
\nregistry.addResourceHandler(“\/resources\/**”).addResourceLocations(“\/public\/”);
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>21. How do you configure CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) in Spring MVC?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\n@RequestMapping(“\/greet”)
\npublic String greet() {
\nreturn “Hello!”;
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>22. What is the purpose of the @SessionAttributes annotation in Spring MVC?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\n@Controller
\npublic class CartController {
\n\/\/ Cart logic here
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>23. How do you bind a list of values in Spring MVC?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\npublic String handleSubmit(@ModelAttribute(“user”) User user) {
\n\/\/ user.getRoles() will return the list of roles
\nreturn “result”;
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>24. How do you configure custom error pages in Spring MVC?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\n<error-code>404<\/error-code>
\n<location>\/WEB-INF\/views\/error\/404.jsp<\/location>
\n<\/error-page>
\n<\/div><\/div>25. What is Spring’s Flash Attributes?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\n<\/div><\/div>26. What is the role of @ResponseBody in Spring MVC?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\n@ResponseBody
\npublic User getUser() {
\nreturn new User();
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>27. What is the role of @RequestBody in Spring MVC?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\npublic String addUser(@RequestBody User user) {
\n\/\/ Process user
\nreturn “success”;
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>28. How can you configure message converters in Spring MVC?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\npublic void configureMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters) {
\nconverters.add(new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter());
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>29. How do you implement method-level security in Spring MVC?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\n@RequestMapping(“\/admin”)
\npublic String adminPage() {
\nreturn “admin”;
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>30. What is @ControllerAdvice in Spring MVC?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\npublic class GlobalExceptionHandler {
\n@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
\npublic String handleException() {
\nreturn “error”;
\n}
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>31. What is the difference between @PathVariable and @RequestParam?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\n@RequestMapping(“\/users\/{id}”)
\npublic String getUserById(@PathVariable(“id”) int id) {
\n\/\/ Logic
\n}
\n\/\/ RequestParam
\n@RequestMapping(“\/search”)
\npublic String search(@RequestParam(“q”) String query) {
\n\/\/ Logic
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>32. How can you customize the default error handling in Spring MVC?<\/h3>
33. What is the use of @RequestPart in Spring MVC?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\npublic String uploadFile(@RequestPart(“file”) MultipartFile file) {
\n\/\/ Handle file upload
\nreturn “success”;
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>34. What is @RequestHeader in Spring MVC?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\npublic String greet(@RequestHeader(“User-Agent”) String userAgent) {
\nreturn “User-Agent: ” + userAgent;
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>35. How do you test Spring MVC controllers?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\n@WebMvcTest(MyController.class)
\npublic class MyControllerTest {
\n@Autowired
\nprivate MockMvc mockMvc;
\n@Test
\npublic void testGet() throws Exception {
\nmockMvc.perform(get(“\/greet”))
\n.andExpect(status().isOk())
\n.andExpect(content().string(“Hello”));
\n}
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>36. How can you configure asynchronous request handling in Spring MVC?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\npublic Callable<String> handleAsync() {
\nreturn () -> {
\n\/\/ Simulate long task
\nreturn “asyncResponse”;
\n};
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>37. What is a @ResponseStatus annotation?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\npublic class ResourceNotFoundException extends RuntimeException {
\n\/\/ Custom exception
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>38. What is the purpose of @CookieValue in Spring MVC?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\npublic String getCookie(@CookieValue(“sessionId”) String sessionId) {
\nreturn “Session ID: ” + sessionId;
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>39. What is a @ModelAttribute annotation at the method level?<\/h3>
\n<\/p>
\npublic User createUser() {
\nreturn new User();
\n}
\n<\/div><\/div>40. How does Spring MVC handle multipart file uploads?<\/h3>