{"id":9281,"date":"2024-03-11T10:15:14","date_gmt":"2024-03-11T04:45:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/?p=9281"},"modified":"2024-07-18T18:10:05","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T12:40:05","slug":"python-project-ideas-for-beginners","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/python-project-ideas-for-beginners\/","title":{"rendered":"Best Python Project Ideas for Beginners"},"content":{"rendered":"<?xml encoding=\"utf-8\" ?><p>Are you interested in trying out Python projects for beginners? Python is a great language to start with if you&rsquo;re new to coding. It&rsquo;s easy to understand and you can do many interesting projects within a short period.<\/p><p>Python projects for beginners are a great way to learn and have fun simultaneously! You can build simple games, and websites, or even create your own chatbot.<\/p><p>So why not give it a try? Start with something simple and see where it takes you.<\/p><h2 id=\"overview\">10 Beginner-Friendly Python Project Ideas &ndash; Overview<\/h2><p>Here&rsquo;s an overview of the 10 best Python projects for beginners:<\/p><table id=\"tablepress-239\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-239 tablepress\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">S.No.<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Project Title<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Complexity<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Estimated Time<\/th><th class=\"column-5\">Source Code<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<thead><tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">1<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Guess the Number<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Easy<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">4 hours<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/parth-chovatiya\/Number_guessing_game\/tree\/master\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">View Code<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr><\/thead><tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover row-striping row-hover\">\n\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">2<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Dice-Rolling Simulator<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Easy<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">4 hours<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/BrantLauro\/dice-simulator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">View Code<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">3<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Calculator<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Easy<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">4 hours<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/igorsilva3\/calculator-python\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">View Code<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">4<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Password Generator<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Easy<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">4 hours<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/banankhanfar\/strong-password-generator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">View Code<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">5<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Rock, Paper, and Scissors<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Easy<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">5 hours<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Lavertis\/rock-paper-scissors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">View Code<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">6<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Tic-Tac-Toe<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Medium<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">5 hours<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/SaiSwarup27\/Tic-Tac-Toe-using-Tkinter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">View Code<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">7<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">To-Do List<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Medium<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">5 hours<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pralabhsaxena05\/To-Do-List\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">View Code<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">8<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Alarm Clock<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Medium<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">6 hours<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ashu1230\/Alarm-clock\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">View Code<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">9<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Hangman Game<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Medium<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">4-5 hours<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/MettaSurendhar\/hangman\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">View Code<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">10<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Basic Web Crawler<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Medium<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">5-6 hours<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/0MeMo07\/Web-Crawler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">View Code<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><!-- #tablepress-239 from cache --><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.guvi.in\/courses\/project\/python-project-course\/?utm_source=placement_preparation&amp;utm_medium=blog_banner&amp;utm_campaign=python_project_ideas_for_beginners_horizontal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11663 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/python-project-course-desktop-banner-horizontal.webp\" alt=\"python project course desktop banner horizontal\" width=\"2270\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/python-project-course-desktop-banner-horizontal.webp 2270w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/python-project-course-desktop-banner-horizontal-300x79.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/python-project-course-desktop-banner-horizontal-1024x271.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/python-project-course-desktop-banner-horizontal-768x203.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/python-project-course-desktop-banner-horizontal-1536x406.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/python-project-course-desktop-banner-horizontal-2048x541.webp 2048w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/python-project-course-desktop-banner-horizontal-150x40.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2270px) 100vw, 2270px\"><\/a><\/p><h2>Exploring Top 10 Python Projects for Beginners<\/h2><p>Below is the list of the top 10 Python project ideas for beginners:<\/p><h3 id=\"guess-the-number\">1. Guess the Number Game<\/h3><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11044\" src=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/guess-the-number.webp\" alt=\"guess the number\" width=\"1200\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/guess-the-number.webp 1200w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/guess-the-number-300x158.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/guess-the-number-1024x538.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/guess-the-number-768x403.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/guess-the-number-150x79.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\"><\/p><p>This project involves creating a Python program where the computer generates a random number, and the player tries to guess it within a certain number of attempts.<\/p><p>You will learn about random number generation, user input, conditionals, loops, and basic game design in Python.<\/p><div class=\"su-note\" style=\"border-color:#dddfde;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#f7f9f8;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\">\n<p><strong>Duration:<\/strong> 4 hours<\/p>\n<p><strong>Project Complexity:<\/strong> Easy<\/p>\n<p><strong>Learning Outcome:<\/strong> Understanding of basic Python syntax, user input handling, and game logic.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Portfolio Worthiness:<\/strong> Yes<\/p>\n<p><strong>Required Pre-requisites:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Basic understanding of Python syntax<\/li>\n<li>Familiarity with conditional statements<\/li>\n<li>Knowledge of loops<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Resources Required:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Python interpreter installed<\/li>\n<li>A text editor or IDE<\/li>\n<li>Tkinter or PyQt Library for building GUI<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Real-World Applications:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Simple guessing games on websites or mobile apps<\/li>\n<li>Educational tools for teaching basic programming concepts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"cta-button\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/parth-chovatiya\/Number_guessing_game\/tree\/master\" target=\"blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Get Started<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><h3 id=\"dice-rolling-simulator\">2. Dice-Rolling Simulator<\/h3><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/dice-rolling-simulator.webp\" alt=\"dice rolling simulator\" width=\"1200\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/dice-rolling-simulator.webp 1200w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/dice-rolling-simulator-300x158.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/dice-rolling-simulator-1024x538.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/dice-rolling-simulator-768x403.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/dice-rolling-simulator-150x79.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\"><\/p><p>This is one of the simple Python projects that involves creating a Python program that simulates the rolling of dice, allowing users to specify the number of dice and the number of sides on each die.<\/p><p>You will learn about random number generation, user input handling, loops, and basic probability concepts in Python.<\/p><div class=\"su-note\" style=\"border-color:#dddfde;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#f7f9f8;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\">\n<p><strong>Duration:<\/strong> 4 hours<\/p>\n<p><strong>Project Complexity:<\/strong> Easy<\/p>\n<p><strong>Learning Outcome:<\/strong> Understanding of random number generation, user input handling, loops, and basic probability concepts.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Portfolio Worthiness:<\/strong> Yes<\/p>\n<p><strong>Required Pre-requisites:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Basic understanding of Python syntax<\/li>\n<li>Familiarity with user input handling<\/li>\n<li>Knowledge of loops<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Resources Required:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Python interpreter installed<\/li>\n<li>A text editor or IDE<\/li>\n<li>Tkinter or PyQt Library for building GUI<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Real-World Applications:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Board games and tabletop games often involve rolling dice<\/li>\n<li>Statistical simulations and modeling<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"cta-button\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/BrantLauro\/dice-simulator\" target=\"blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Get Started<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><h3 id=\"calculator\">3. Calculator<\/h3><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11054\" src=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/calculator.webp\" alt=\"calculator\" width=\"1200\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/calculator.webp 1200w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/calculator-300x158.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/calculator-1024x538.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/calculator-768x403.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/calculator-150x79.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\"><\/p><p>This is one of the most common Python mini projects which involves creating a basic calculator program in Python that can perform arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.<\/p><p>You will learn about user input handling, basic arithmetic operations, and conditional statements in Python.<\/p><div class=\"su-note\" style=\"border-color:#dddfde;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#f7f9f8;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\">\n<p><strong>Duration:<\/strong> 4 hours<\/p>\n<p><strong>Project Complexity:<\/strong> Easy<\/p>\n<p><strong>Learning Outcome:<\/strong> Understanding of user input handling, basic arithmetic operations, and conditional statements.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Portfolio Worthiness:<\/strong> Yes<\/p>\n<p><strong>Required Pre-requisites:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Basic understanding of Python syntax<\/li>\n<li>Familiarity with user input handling<\/li>\n<li>Knowledge of arithmetic operations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Resources Required:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Python interpreter installed<\/li>\n<li>A text editor or IDE<\/li>\n<li>Tkinter or PyQt Library for building GUI<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Real-World Applications:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Everyday calculations such as budgeting, shopping, and financial planning<\/li>\n<li>Engineering and scientific calculations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"cta-button\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/igorsilva3\/calculator-python\" target=\"blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Get Started<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><h3 id=\"password-generator\">4. Password Generator<\/h3><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11034\" src=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/password-generator.webp\" alt=\"password generator\" width=\"1200\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/password-generator.webp 1200w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/password-generator-300x158.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/password-generator-1024x538.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/password-generator-768x403.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/password-generator-150x79.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\"><\/p><p>This is one of the easiest Python project ideas which involves creating a Python program that generates random passwords of specified length, combining letters, numbers, and special characters.<\/p><p>You will learn about random number generation, string manipulation, and user input handling in Python.<\/p><div class=\"su-note\" style=\"border-color:#dddfde;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#f7f9f8;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\">\n<p><strong>Duration:<\/strong> 4 hours<\/p>\n<p><strong>Project Complexity:<\/strong> Easy<\/p>\n<p><strong>Learning Outcome:<\/strong> Understanding of random number generation, string manipulation, and user input handling.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Portfolio Worthiness:<\/strong> Yes<\/p>\n<p><strong>Required Pre-requisites:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Basic understanding of Python syntax<\/li>\n<li>Familiarity with string manipulation<\/li>\n<li>Knowledge of random number generation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Resources Required:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Python interpreter installed<\/li>\n<li>A text editor or IDE<\/li>\n<li>Tkinter or PyQt Library for building GUI<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Real-World Applications:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Creating secure passwords for online accounts<\/li>\n<li>Enhancing security in applications and systems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"cta-button\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/banankhanfar\/strong-password-generator\" target=\"blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Get Started<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><h3 id=\"rock,-paper,-and-scissors\">5. Rock, Paper, and Scissors<\/h3><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11021\" src=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rock-paper-and-scissors.webp\" alt=\"rock paper and scissors\" width=\"1200\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rock-paper-and-scissors.webp 1200w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rock-paper-and-scissors-300x158.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rock-paper-and-scissors-1024x538.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rock-paper-and-scissors-768x403.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rock-paper-and-scissors-150x79.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\"><\/p><p>This project involves creating a Python program that simulates the classic game of Rock, Paper, Scissors, where the user plays against the computer.<\/p><p>You will learn about user input handling, conditional statements, random number generation, and basic game logic in Python.<\/p><div class=\"su-note\" style=\"border-color:#dddfde;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#f7f9f8;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\">\n<p><strong>Duration:<\/strong> 5 hours<\/p>\n<p><strong>Project Complexity:<\/strong> Easy<\/p>\n<p><strong>Learning Outcome:<\/strong> Understanding of user input handling, conditional statements, random number generation, and basic game logic.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Portfolio Worthiness:<\/strong> Yes<\/p>\n<p><strong>Required Pre-requisites:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Basic understanding of Python syntax<\/li>\n<li>Familiarity with user input handling<\/li>\n<li>Knowledge of conditional statements<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Resources Required:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Python interpreter installed<\/li>\n<li>A text editor or IDE<\/li>\n<li>Tkinter or PyQt Library for building GUI<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Real-World Applications:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Decision-making algorithms in AI<\/li>\n<li>Simple game implementations in various applications<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"cta-button\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Lavertis\/rock-paper-scissors\" target=\"blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Get Started<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><h3 id=\"tic-tac-toe\">6. Tic-Tac-Toe<\/h3><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11028\" src=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/tic-tac-toe.webp\" alt=\"tic tac toe\" width=\"1200\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/tic-tac-toe.webp 1200w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/tic-tac-toe-300x158.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/tic-tac-toe-1024x538.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/tic-tac-toe-768x403.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/tic-tac-toe-150x79.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\"><\/p><p>This project involves creating a Python program that allows two players to play the classic game of Tic Tac Toe on the console.<\/p><p>You will learn about data structures, such as lists or arrays, nested loops, conditional statements, and basic game logic in Python.<\/p><div class=\"su-note\" style=\"border-color:#dddfde;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#f7f9f8;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\">\n<p><strong>Duration:<\/strong> 5 hours<\/p>\n<p><strong>Project Complexity:<\/strong> Medium<\/p>\n<p><strong>Learning Outcome:<\/strong> Understanding of data structures, nested loops, conditional statements, and game logic.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Portfolio Worthiness:<\/strong> Yes<\/p>\n<p><strong>Required Pre-requisites:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Basic understanding of Python syntax<\/li>\n<li>Familiarity with lists or arrays<\/li>\n<li>Knowledge of nested loops and conditional statements<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Resources Required:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Python interpreter installed<\/li>\n<li>A text editor or IDE<\/li>\n<li>Tkinter or PyQt Library for building GUI<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Real-World Applications:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Board game implementations in software<\/li>\n<li>Algorithmic decision-making in games and AI<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"cta-button\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/SaiSwarup27\/Tic-Tac-Toe-using-Tkinter\" target=\"blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Get Started<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><h3 id=\"to-do-list\">7. To-Do List<\/h3><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11027\" src=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/to-do-list.webp\" alt=\"to do list\" width=\"1200\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/to-do-list.webp 1200w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/to-do-list-300x158.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/to-do-list-1024x538.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/to-do-list-768x403.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/to-do-list-150x79.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\"><\/p><p>This project involves creating a simple to-do list application in Python where users can add, delete, and view tasks.<\/p><p>You will learn about data structures like lists, user input handling, and, loops in Python.<\/p><div class=\"su-note\" style=\"border-color:#dddfde;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#f7f9f8;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\">\n<p><strong>Duration:<\/strong> 5 hours<\/p>\n<p><strong>Project Complexity:<\/strong> Medium<\/p>\n<p><strong>Learning Outcome:<\/strong> Understanding of data structures, user input handling, and loops.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Portfolio Worthiness:<\/strong> Yes<\/p>\n<p><strong>Required Pre-requisites:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Basic understanding of Python syntax<\/li>\n<li>Familiarity with lists or arrays<\/li>\n<li>Knowledge of loops<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Resources Required:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Python interpreter installed<\/li>\n<li>A text editor or IDE<\/li>\n<li>Tkinter or PyQt Library for building GUI<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Real-World Applications:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Task management applications<\/li>\n<li>Project planning tools<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"cta-button\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pralabhsaxena05\/To-Do-List\/\" target=\"blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Get Started<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><h3 id=\"alarm-clock\">8. Alarm Clock<\/h3><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11052\" src=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/alarm-clock.webp\" alt=\"alarm clock\" width=\"1200\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/alarm-clock.webp 1200w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/alarm-clock-300x158.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/alarm-clock-1024x538.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/alarm-clock-768x403.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/alarm-clock-150x79.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\"><\/p><p>This project involves creating a simple alarm clock application using Tkinter, a Python GUI toolkit.<\/p><p>You will learn about GUI programming, event handling, and basic time manipulation in Python.<\/p><div class=\"su-note\" style=\"border-color:#dddfde;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#f7f9f8;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\">\n<p><strong>Duration:<\/strong> 6 hours<\/p>\n<p><strong>Project Complexity:<\/strong> Medium<\/p>\n<p><strong>Learning Outcome:<\/strong> Understanding of GUI programming, event handling, and time manipulation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Portfolio Worthiness:<\/strong> Yes<\/p>\n<p><strong>Required Pre-requisites:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Basic understanding of Python syntax<\/li>\n<li>Familiarity with Tkinter<\/li>\n<li>Knowledge of event handling<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Resources Required:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Python interpreter installed<\/li>\n<li>A text editor\/IDE<\/li>\n<li>datetime module for setting date and time<\/li>\n<li>winsound library for adding sound functionality<\/li>\n<li>Tkinter or PyQt Library for building GUI<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Real-World Applications:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Personal productivity tools<\/li>\n<li>Reminder systems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"cta-button\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ashu1230\/Alarm-clock\" target=\"blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Get Started<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><h3 id=\"hangman-game\">9. Hangman Game<\/h3><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11043\" src=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/hangman-game.webp\" alt=\"hangman game\" width=\"1200\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/hangman-game.webp 1200w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/hangman-game-300x158.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/hangman-game-1024x538.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/hangman-game-768x403.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/hangman-game-150x79.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\"><\/p><p>This project involves creating a Hangman game where the player guesses letters to uncover a hidden word.<\/p><p>You will learn about string manipulation, loops, conditionals, and random number generation in Python.<\/p><div class=\"su-note\" style=\"border-color:#dddfde;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#f7f9f8;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\">\n<p><strong>Duration:<\/strong> 4 &ndash; 5 hours<\/p>\n<p><strong>Project Complexity:<\/strong> Medium<\/p>\n<p><strong>Learning Outcome:<\/strong> Understanding of string manipulation, loops, conditionals, and random number generation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Portfolio Worthiness:<\/strong> Yes<\/p>\n<p><strong>Required Pre-requisites:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Basic understanding of Python syntax<\/li>\n<li>Familiarity with string manipulation<\/li>\n<li>Knowledge of loops and conditionals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Resources Required:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Python interpreter installed<\/li>\n<li>A text editor or IDE<\/li>\n<li>Tkinter or PyQt Library for building GUI<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Real-World Applications:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Language learning tools<\/li>\n<li>Educational games<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"cta-button\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/MettaSurendhar\/hangman\" target=\"blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Get Started<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><h3 id=\"basic-web-crawler\">10. Basic Web Crawler<\/h3><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11025\" src=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/basic-web-crawler.webp\" alt=\"basic web crawler\" width=\"1200\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/basic-web-crawler.webp 1200w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/basic-web-crawler-300x158.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/basic-web-crawler-1024x538.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/basic-web-crawler-768x403.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/basic-web-crawler-150x79.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\"><\/p><p>This project involves creating a simple web crawler in Python that retrieves web pages from the internet and extracts information from them.<\/p><p>You will learn about web scraping, HTTP requests, and basic data processing in Python.<\/p><div class=\"su-note\" style=\"border-color:#dddfde;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#f7f9f8;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\">\n<p><strong>Duration:<\/strong> 5-6 hours<\/p>\n<p><strong>Project Complexity:<\/strong> Medium<\/p>\n<p><strong>Learning Outcome:<\/strong> Understanding of web scraping, HTTP requests, and data processing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Portfolio Worthiness:<\/strong> Yes<\/p>\n<p><strong>Required Pre-requisites:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Basic understanding of Python syntax<\/li>\n<li>Familiarity with data structures like lists and dictionaries<\/li>\n<li>Knowledge of HTTP requests and responses<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Resources Required:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Python interpreter installed<\/li>\n<li>A text editor or IDE<\/li>\n<li>Requests library installed (for making HTTP requests)<\/li>\n<li>BeautifulSoup for parsing HTML<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Real-World Applications:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Search engine indexing<\/li>\n<li>Content aggregation platforms<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"cta-button\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/0MeMo07\/Web-Crawler\" target=\"blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Get Started<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2><h3>1. What are some easy Python project ideas for beginners?<\/h3><p>Some easy Python project ideas for beginners are:<\/p><ul>\n<li>Simple Calculator<\/li>\n<li>Alarm Clock<\/li>\n<li>Web Crawler<\/li>\n<li>To-Do List<\/li>\n<\/ul><h3>2. Why are Python projects important for beginners?<\/h3><p>Python projects are important for beginners because they offer hands-on learning, problem-solving skills, and portfolio building.<\/p><h3>3. What skills can beginners learn from Python projects?<\/h3><p>From Python projects, beginners can learn problem-solving, critical thinking, and debugging skills.<\/p><h3>4. Which Python project is recommended for someone with no prior programming experience?<\/h3><p>Random number generator, Simple calculator, and Password generator are some Python projects that are recommended for someone with no prior programming experience.<\/p><h3>5. How long does it typically take to complete a beginner Python project?<\/h3><p>To complete a beginner Python project, it usually takes 5 to 6 hours and it can vary based on the complexity level.<\/p><h2>Wrapping Up<\/h2><p>Python offers a space to build beginner-friendly projects that help you grasp fundamental programming concepts easily. As you progress through, you can extend your programming innovation to advanced projects to apply your Python skills.<\/p><hr><h2>Explore More Python Resources<\/h2><ul class=\"explore-more\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/best-websites-to-learn-python\/\">Python Learning Websites<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/best-websites-to-practice-python\/\">Python Practicing Websites<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/best-youtube-channels-to-learn-python\/\">Python YouTube Channels<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/python-ides-and-code-editors\/\">Python IDEs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/best-apps-to-learn-python\/\">Python Apps<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/mcq\/python\/\">Python MCQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><h2>Explore More Project Ideas<\/h2><ul class=\"explore-more\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/java-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">Java<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/c-programming-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">C Programming<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/html-and-css-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">HTML and CSS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/react-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">React<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/javascript-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">JavaScript<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/php-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">PHP<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/cpp-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">C++<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/dbms-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">DBMS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/sql-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">SQL<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/excel-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">Excel<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/angular-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">Angular<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/node-js-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">Node JS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/dsa-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">DSA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/django-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">Django<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/power-bi-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">Power BI<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/r-programming-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">R Programming<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/operating-system-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">Operating System<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/mongodb-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">MongoDB<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/react-native-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">React Native<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/golang-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">Golang<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/matlab-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">Matlab<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/tableau-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">Tableau<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/dot-net-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">.Net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/bootstrap-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">Bootstrap<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/c-sharp-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">C#<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/next-js-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">Next JS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/kotlin-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">Kotlin<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/jquery-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">jQuery<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/react-redux-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">React Redux<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/rust-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">Rust<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/shell-scripting-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">Shell Scripting<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/vue-js-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">Vue JS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/typescript-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">TypeScript<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/swift-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">Swift<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/perl-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">Perl<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/scala-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">Scala<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/figma-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">Figma<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/rpa-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">RPA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/ui-ux-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">UI\/UX<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/blockchain-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">Blockchain<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/cloud-computing-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">Cloud Computing<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/devops-project-ideas-for-beginners\/\">DevOps<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Are you interested in trying out Python projects for beginners? Python is a great language to start with if you&rsquo;re new to coding. It&rsquo;s easy to understand and you can do many interesting projects within a short period.Python projects for beginners are a great way to learn and have fun simultaneously! You can build simple [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9357,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9281","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-programming"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9281","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9281"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9281\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11701,"href":"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9281\/revisions\/11701"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9357"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9281"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9281"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.placementpreparation.io\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9281"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}